• Preakness Stakes
• Belmont Stakes

Year	Winner	Sire	Breeder	Owner	Trainer	Place	Show	Time	Winnings	Starters
2011	Animal Kingdom, ch.c	Leroidesanimaux (Brz)	Team Valor	Team Valor International	H. Graham Motion	Nehro	Mucho Macho Man	2:02.04	$1,411,800	19
2010	Super Saver, b.c.	Maria's Mon	WinStar Farm, LLC	WinStar Farm, LLC	Todd A. Pletcher	Ice Box	Paddy O'Prado	2:04.45	$1,425,200	20
2009	Mine That Bird, b.g.	Birdstone	Lamantia, Blackburn & Needham/Betz Thoroughbreds	Double Eagle Ranch and Buena Suerte Equine	Bennie "Chip" Woolley Jr.	Pioneerof the Nile	Musket Man	2:00.62	$1,417,200	19
2008	Big Brown b.c.	Boundary	Monticule LLC	IEAH Stables, Paul P. Pompa, Jr., et al.	Richard E. Dutrow Jr.	Eight Belles	Denis of Cork	2:01.82	$1,451,800	20
2007	Street Sense, dk.b./br. c	Street Cry	James Tafel	James Tafel	Carl Nafzger	Hard Spun	Curlin	2:02.17	$1,450,000	20
2006	Barbaro, dk.b./br. c	Dynaformer	Mr. and Mrs. M. Roy Jackson	Lael Stables	Michael Matz	Bluegrass Cat	Steppenwolfer	2:01.36	$1,453,200	20
2005	Giacomo, gr./ro. c.	Holy Bull	Jerry and Ann Moss	Jerry and Ann Moss	John Shirreffs	Closing Argument	Afleet Alex	2:02.75	$1,639,600	20
2004	Smarty Jones, ch. c.	Elusive Quality	Someday Farm	Someday Farm	John Servis	Lion Heart	Imperialism	2:04.06	$5,854,800	18
2003	Funny Cide, ch. g.	Distorted Humor	WinStar Farm	Sackatoga Stable	Barclay Tagg	Empire Maker	Peace Rules	2:01.19	$1,000,000	16
2002	War Emblem, dk.b./br. c	Our Emblem	Charles Nuckols Jr. & Sons	The Thoroughbred Corp.	Bob Baffert	Proud Citizen	Perfect Drift	2:01.13	$1,000,000	18
2001	Monarchos, gr./ro. c	Maria's Mon	J. D. Squires	John C. Oxley	John Ward Jr.	Invisible Ink	Congaree	1:59.57	$1,112,000	17
2000	Fusaichi Pegasus, b. c.	Mr. Prospector	Author B. Hancock III and Stonerside Ltd.	Fusao Sekiguchi	Neil Drysdale	Aptitude	Impeachment	2:01.12	$1,038,400	19
1999	Charismatic, ch. c.	Summer Squall	Parish Hill Farm and W. S. Farish	Robert and Beverly Lewis	D. Wayne Lukas	Menifee	Cat Theif	2:03.29	$886,200	19
1998	Real Quiet, b. c.	Quiet American	Little Hill Farm	Mike Pegram	Bob Baffert	Victory Gallop	Indian Charlie	2:02.38	$738,800	15
1997	Silver Charm, gr.ro. c.	Silver Buck	Mary Lou Wootton	Robert and Beverly Lewis	Bob Baffert	Captain Bodgit	Free House	2:02.44	$700,000	13
1996	Grindstone, dk. br./ b. c.	Unbridled	Overbrook Farm	Overbrook Farm	D. Wayne Lukas	Cavonnier	Prince of Thieves	2:01	869,800	19
1995	Thunder Gulch, ch. c.	Gulch	Peter M. Brant	Michael Tabor	D. Wayne Lukas	Tejano Run	Timber Country	2:011/5	$707,400	19
1994	Go for Gin, b. c.	Cormorant	Pamela DuPont Darmstadt	William J. Condren and	Nick Zito	Strodes Creek	Blumin Affair	2:033/5	628,800	14
1993	Sea Hero, b. c.	Polish Navy	Paul Mellon	Rokeby Stables	Mack Miller	Prairie Bayou	Wild Gale	2:022/5	735,900	19
1992	Lil E. Tee, b. c.	At the Threshold	Larry Littman	W. Cal Partee	Lynn S. Whiting	Casual Lies	Dance Floor	2:03	724,800	18
1991	Strike the Gold, ch. c.	Alydar	Calumet Farm	B. Giles Brophy	Nick Zito	Best Pal	Mane Minister	2:03	655,800	16
1990	Unbridled, b. c.	Fappiano	Tartan Farms Corp.	Mrs. Frances A. Genter	Carl Nafzger	Summer Squall	Pleasant Tap	2:02	581,000	15
1989	Sunday Silence, dk. b. or br. c.	Halo	Oak Cliff Thoroughbreds, Ltd.	A. B. Hancock III, Dr. E.	Charlie Whittingham	Easy Goer	Awe Inspiring	2:05	574,200	15
1988	Winning Colors, ro. f.	Caro (Ire)	Echo Valley Horse Farm, Inc.	Eugene V. Klein	D. Wayne Lukas	Forty Niner	Risen Star	2:021/5	611,200	17
1987	Alysheba, b. c.	Alydar	Preston Madden	Dorothy and Pamela	Jack C. Van Berg	Bet Twice	Avies Copy	2:032/5	618,600	17
1986	Ferdinand, ch. c.	Nijinsky II	Howard B. Keck	Mrs. Howard B. Keck	Charlie Whittingham	Bold Arrangement (GB)	Broad Brush	2:024/5	609,400	16
1985	Spend a Buck, b. c.	Buckaroo	Roe Harper	Hunter Farm	Cam Gambolati	Stephan's Odyssey	Chief's Crown	2:001/5	406,800	13
1984	Swale, dk. b. or br. c.	Seattle Slew	Claiborne Farm	Claiborne Farm	W. C. Stephens	Coax Me Chad	At the Threshold	2:022/5	537,400	20
1983	Sunny's Halo, ch. c.	Halo	D. J. Foster	D. J. Foster Stable	David C. Cross Jr.	Desert Wine	Caveat	2:021/5	426,000	20
1982	Gato Del Sol, gr. c.	*Cougar II	A. B. Hancock III	Hancock and Peters	Edwin Gregson	Laser Light	Reinvested	2:022/5	428,850	19
1981	Pleasant Colony, dk. b. or br. c.	His Majesty	Thomas M. Evans	Buckland Farm	John Campo	Woodchopper	Partez	2:02	317,200	21
1980	Genuine Risk, ch. f.	Exclusive Native	Mrs. G. W. Humphrey Jr.	Mrs. B. R. Firestone Jr.	LeRoy Jolley	Rumbo	Jaklin Klugman	2:02	250,550	13
1979	Spectacular Bid, gr. c.	Bold Bidder	Mrs. W. M. Jason and	Hawksworth Farm	Grover G. Delp	General Assembly	Golden Act	2:022/5	228,650	10
1978	Affirmed, ch. c.	Exclusive Native	Harbor View Farm	Harbor View Farm	Lazaro S. Barrera	Alydar	Believe It	2:011/5	186,900	11
1977	Seattle Slew, dk. b. or br. c.	Bold Reasoning	Ben S. Castleman	Karen L. Taylor	William H. Turner Jr.	Run Dusty Run	Sanhedrin	2:021/5	214,700	15
1976	Bold Forbes, dk. b. or br. c.	Irish Castle	Eaton Farms and	E. R. Tizol	Lazaro S. Barrera	Honest Pleasure	Elocutionist	2:013/5	165,200	9
1975	Foolish Pleasure, b. c.	What a Pleasure	Waldemar Farms	John L. Greer	LeRoy Jolley	Avatar	Diabolo	2:02	209,600	15
1974	Cannonade, b. c.	Bold Bidder	John M. Olin	John M. Olin	W. C. Stephens	Hudson County	Agitate	2:04	274,000	23
1973	Secretariat, ch. c.	Bold Ruler	Meadow Stud, Inc.	Estate of C. T. Chenery	Lucien Laurin	Sham	Our Native	1:592/5	155,050	13
1972	Riva Ridge, b. c.	First Landing	Meadow Stud, Inc.	Meadow Stud, Inc.	Lucien Laurin	No Le Hace	Hold Your Peace	2:014/5	140,300	14
1971	Canonero II, ch. c.	*Pretendre	Edward Benjamin	Edgar Caibett	Juan Arias	Jim French	Bold Reason	2:031/5	145,500	20
1970	Dust Commander, ch. c.	Bold Commander	Pullen Brothers	Robert E. Lehmann	Don Combs	My Dad George	High Echelon	2:032/5	127,800	17
1969	Majestic Prince, ch. c.	Raise a Native	Leslie Combs II	Frank McMahon	John Longden	Arts and Letters	Dike	2:014/5	113,200	8
1968	Forward Pass, b. c.	On-and-On	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	Henry Forrest	Francie's Hat	T. V. Commercial	2:021/5	122,600	16
1967	Proud Clarion, b. c.	Hail to Reason	John W. Galbreath	Darby Dan Farm	Loyd Gentry	Barbs Delight	Damascus	2:003/5	119,700	14
1966	Kauai King, dk. b. or br. c.	Native Dancer	Pine Brook Farm	Ford Stable	Henry Forrest	Advocator	Blue Skyer	2:02	120,500	15
1965	Lucky Debonair, b. c.	Vertex	Danada Farm	Mrs. Ada L. Rice	Frank Catrone	Dapper Dan	Tom Rolfe	2:011/5	112,000	11
1964	Northern Dancer, b. c.	Nearctic	E. P. Taylor	Windfields Farm	Horatio A. Luro	Hill Rise	The Scoundrel	2:00	114,300	12
1963	Chateaugay, ch. c.	Swaps	John W. Galbreath	Darby Dan Farm	J. P. Conway	Never Bend	Candy Spots	2:014/5	108,900	9
1962	Decidedly, gr. c.	Determine	George A. Pope Jr.	El Peco Ranch	Horatio A. Luro	Roman Line	Ridan	2:002/5	119,650	15
1961	Carry Back, br. c.	Saggy	Jack A. Price	Mrs. Katherine Price	Jack A. Price	Crozier	Bass Clef	2:04	120,500	15
1960	Venetian Way, ch. c.	Royal Coinage	John W. Greathouse	Sunny Blue Farm	Victor J. Sovinski	Bally Ache	Victoria Park	2:022/5	114,850	13
1959	*Tomy Lee, b. c.	*Tudor Minstrel	D. H. Wills	Mr. and Mrs. Fred Turner Jr.	Frank Childs	Sword Dancer	First Landing	2:021/5	119,650	17
1958	Tim Tam, dk. b. c.	Tom Fool	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. A. Jones	Lincoln Road	Noureddin	2:05	116,400	14
1957	Iron Liege, b. c.	Bull Lea	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. A. Jones	*Gallant Man	Round Table	2:021/5	107,950	9
1956	Needles, b. c.	Ponder	William E. Leach	D & H Stable	Hugh L. Fontaine	Fabius	Come On Red	2:032/5	123,450	17
1955	Swaps, ch. c.	*Khaled	Rex C. Ellsworth	Rex C. Ellsworth	Meshach A. Tenney	Nashua	Summer Tan	2:014/5	108,400	10
1954	Determine, gr. c.	*Alibhai	Dr. Eslie Asbury	A. J. Crevolin	William Molter	Hasty Road	Hasseyampa	2:03	102,050	17
1953	Dark Star, br. c.	*Royal Gem II	Warner L. Jones Jr.	Cain Hoy Stable	Eddie Hayward	Native Dancer	Invigorator	2:02	90,050	11
1952	Hill Gail, dk. b. c.	Bull Lea	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	Ben A. Jones	Sub Fleet	Blue Man	2:013/5	96,300	16
1951	Count Turf, b. c.	Count Fleet	Dr. and Mrs. F. P. Miller	J. J. Amiel	Sol Rutchick	Royal Mustang	Ruhe	2:023/5	98,050	20
1950	Middleground, ch. c.	Bold Venture	King Ranch	King Ranch	Max Hirsch	Hill Prince	Mr. Trouble	2:013/5	92,650	14
1949	Ponder, dk. b. c.	Pensive	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	Ben A. Jones	Capot	Palestinian	2:041/5	91,600	14
1948	Citation, b. c.	Bull Lea	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	Ben A. Jones	Coaltown	My Request	2:052/5	83,400	6
1947	Jet Pilot, ch. c.	*Blenheim II	A. B. Hancock Jr. and	Maine Chance Farm	Tom Smith	Phalanx	Faultless	2:064/5	92,160	13
1946	Assault, ch. c.	Bold Venture	King Ranch	King Ranch	Max Hirsch	Spy Song	Hampden	2:063/5	96,400	17
1945	Hoop, Jr., b. c.	*Sir Gallahad III	Robert A. Fairbairn	Fred W. Hooper	Ivan H. Parke	Pot o' Luck	Darby Dieppe	2:07	64,850	16
1944	Pensive, ch. c.	Hyperion	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	Ben A. Jones	Broadcloth	Stir Up	2:041/5	64,675	16
1943	Count Fleet, br. c.	Reigh Count	Mrs. John D. Hertz	Mrs. John D. Hertz	G. D. Cameron	Blue Swords	Slide Rule	2:04	60,725	10
1942	Shut Out, ch. c.	Equipoise	Greentree Stable	Greentree Stable	John M. Gaver	Alsab	Valdina Orphan	2:042/5	64,225	15
1941	Whirlaway, ch. c.	*Blenheim II	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	Ben A. Jones	Staretor	Market Wise	2:012/5	61,275	11
1940	Gallahadion, b. c.	*Sir Gallahad III	Robert A. Fairbairn	Milky Way Farm	Roy Waldron	Bimelech	Dit	2:05	60,150	8
1939	Johnstown, b. c.	Jamestown	A. B. Hancock Jr.	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Challedon	Heather Broom	2:032/5	46,350	8
1938	Lawrin, br. c.	Insco	Herbert Woolf	Woolford Farm	Ben A. Jones	Dauber	Can't Wait	2:044/5	47,050	10
1937	War Admiral, br. c.	Man o' War	Samuel D. Riddle	Glen Riddle Farm	George Conway	Pompoon	Reaping Reward	2:031/5	52,050	20
1936	Bold Venture, ch. c.	*St. Germans	Morton L. Schwartz	M. L. Schwartz	Max Hirsch	Brevity	Indian Broom	2:033/5	37,725	14
1935	Omaha, ch. c.	Gallant Fox	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Roman Soldier	Whiskolo	2:05	39,525	18
1934	Cavalcade, br. c.	*Lancegaye	F. Wallis Armstrong	Brookmeade Stable	Robert A. Smith	Discovery	Agrarian	2:04	28,175	13
1933	Brokers Tip, br. c.	Black Toney	Idle Hour Stock Farm	E. R. Bradley	H. J. Thompson	Head Play	Charley O.	2:064/5	48,925	13
1932	Burgoo King, ch. c.	Bubbling Over	E. R. Bradley and	E. R. Bradley	H. J. Thompson	Economic	Stepenfetchit	2:051/5	52,350	20
1931	Twenty Grand, b. c.	*St. Germans	Greentree Stable	Greentree Stable	James Rowe Jr.	Sweep All	Mate	2:014/5	48,725	12
1930	Gallant Fox, b. c.	*Sir Gallahad III	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Gallant Knight	Ned O.	2:073/5	50,725	15
1929	Clyde Van Dusen, ch. g.	Man o' War	Harry P. Gardner	H. P. Gardner	C. Van Dusen	Naishapur	Panchio	2:104/5	53,950	21
1928	Reigh Count, ch. c.	*Sunreigh	Willis Sharpe Kilmer	Mrs. John D. Hertz	Bert S. Michell	Misstep	Toro	2:102/5	55,375	22
1927	Whiskery, br. c.	Whisk Broom II	Harry P. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	Fred Hopkins	Osmand	Jock	2:06	51,000	15
1926	Bubbling Over, ch. c.	*North Star III	Idle Hour Stock Farm	Idle Hour Stock Farm	H. J. Thompson	Bagenbaggage	Rock Man	2:034/5	50,075	13
1925	Flying Ebony, blk. c.	The Finn	John E. Madden	C. A. Cochran	William B. Duke	Captain Hal	Son of John	2:073/5	52,950	20
1924	Black Gold, blk. c.	Black Toney	Mrs. R. M. Hoots	Mrs. R. M. Hoots	Hedley Webb	Chilhowee	Beau Butler	2:051/5	52,775	19
1923	Zev, br. c.	The Finn	John E. Madden	Rancocas Stable	D. J. Leary	Martingale	Vigil	2:052/5	53,000	21
1922	Morvich, br. c.	Runnymede	Adolph B. Spreckles	Ben Block	Fred Burlew	Bet Mosie	John Finn	2:043/5	46,775	10
1921	Behave Yourself, b. c.	Marathon	E. R. Bradley	E. R. Bradley	H. J. Thompson	Black Servant	Prudery	2:041/5	38,450	12
1920	Paul Jones, br. g.	*Sea King	John E. Madden	Ral Parr	William Garth	Upset	On Watch	2:09	30,375	17
1919	Sir Barton, ch. c.	*Star Shoot	Madden and Gooch	J. K. L. Ross	H. Guy Bedwell	Billy Kelly	Under Fire	2:094/5	20,825	12
1918	Exterminator, ch. g.	*McGee	F. D. Knight	W. S. Kilmer	Henry McDaniel	Escoba	Viva America	2:104/5	14,700	8
1917	*Omar Khayyam, ch. c.	Marco	Sir John Robinson	Billings and Johnson	C. T. Patterson	Ticket	Midway	2:043/5	16,600	15
1916	George Smith, blk. c.	*Out of Reach	Chinn and Forsyth	John Sanford	Hollie Hughes	Star Hawk	Franklin	2:04	9,750	9
1915	Regret, ch. f.	Broomstick	Harry P. Whitney	Harry P. Whitney	James Rowe Sr.	Pebbles	Sharpshooter	2:052/5	11,450	16
1914	Old Rosebud, b. g.	Uncle	John E. Madden	H. C. Applegate	F. D. Weir	Hodge	Bronzewing	2:032/5	9,125	7
1913	Donerail, b. c.	*McGee	Thomas P. Hayes	Thomas P. Hayes	Thomas P. Hayes	Ten Point	Gowell	2:044/5	5,475	8
1912	Worth, br. c.	*Knight of the Thistle	R. H. MacPotter	H. C. Hallenbeck	Frank M. Taylor	Duval	Flamma	2:092/5	4,850	8
1911	Meridian, b. c.	Broomstick	C. L. Harrison	R. F. Carmen	Albert Ewing	Governor Gray	Colston	2:05	4,850	7
1910	Donau, b. c.	*Woolsthorpe	Milton Young	William Gerst	George Ham	Joe Morris	Fighting Bob	2:062/5	4,850	7
1909	Wintergreen, b. c.	Dick Welles	J. B. Respess	J. B. Respess	Charles Mack	Miami	Dr. Barkley	2:081/5	4,850	10
1908	Stone Street, b. c.	Longstreet	J. B. Haggin	C. E. and J. W. Hamilton	J. W. Hall	Sir Cleges	Dunvegan	2:151/5	4,850	8
1907	Pink Star, b. c.	Pink Coat	J. Hal Woodford	J. Hall Woodford	W. H. Fizer	Zal	Ovelando	2:123/5	4,850	6
1906	Sir Huon, b. c.	Falsetto	George J. Long	George J. Long	Peter Coyne	Lady Navarre	James Reddick	2:084/5	4,850	6
1905	Agile, b. c.	Sir Dixon	E. F. Clay	S. S. Brown	Robert Tucker	Ram's Horn	Layson	2:103/4	4,850	3
1904	Elwood, b. c.	Free Knight	Mrs. J. B. Prather	Mrs. C. E. Durnell	C. E. Durnell	Ed Tierney	Brancas	2:081/2	4,850	5
1903	Judge Himes, b. c.	*Esher	J. N. Camden	Charles Ellison	J. P. Mayberry	Early	Bourbon	2:09	4,850	6
1902	Alan-a-Dale, ch. c.	Halma	T. C. McDowell	T. C. McDowell	T. C. McDowell	Inventor	The Rival	2:083/4	4,850	4
1901	His Eminence, b. c.	Falsetto	O. H. Chenault	F. B. VanMeter	F. B. VanMeter	Sannazarro	Driscoll	2:073/4	4,850	5
1900	Lieut. Gibson, b. c.	G. W. Johnson	Baker and Gentry	Charles H. Smith	Charles H. Hughes	Florizar	Thrive	2:061/4	4,850	7
1889	Spokane, ch. c.	Hyder Ali	Noah Armstrong	Noah Armstrong	John Rodegap	Proctor Knott	Once Again	2:341/2	4,880	8
1888	MacBeth II, b. g.	Macduff	Rufus Lisle	Chicago Stable	John Campbell	Gallifet	White	2:381/4	4,740	7
1887	Montrose, b. c.	Duke of Montrose	Milton Young	Labold Brothers	John McGinty	Jim Gore	Jacobin	2:391/4	4,200	7
1886	Ben Ali, br. c.	Virgil	Daniel Swigert	J. B. Haggin	Jim Murphy	Blue Wing	Free Knight	2:361/2	4,890	10
1885	Joe Cotton, ch. c.	King Alfonso	A. J. Alexander	J. T. Williams	Alex Perry	Bersan	Ten Booker	2:371/4	4,630	10
1884	Buchanan, ch. c.	*Buckden	Cottrill and Guest	William Cottrill	William Bird	Loftin	Audrain	2:401/4	3,990	9
1883	Leonatus, b. c.	Longfellow	J. Henry Miller	Chinn and Morgan	Raleigh Colston	Drake Carter	Lord Raglan	2:43	3,760	7
1882	Apollo, ch. g.	Ashstead or Lever	Daniel Swigert	Morris and Patton	Green B. Morris	Runnymede	Bengal	2:401/2	4,560	14
1881	Hindoo, b. c.	Virgil	Daniel Swigert	Dwyer Brothers	James Rowe Sr.	Lelex	Alhambra	2:40	4,410	6
1880	Fonso, ch. c.	King Alfonso	A. J. Alexander	J. S. Shawhan	Tice Hutsell	Kimball	Bancroft	2:371/2	3,800	5
1879	Lord Murphy, b. c.	Pat Malloy	J. T. Carter	George W. Darden and Co.	George Rice	Falsetto	Strathmore	2:37	3,550	9
1878	Day Star, ch. c.	Star Davis	J. M. Clay	T. J. Nichols	Lee Paul	Himyar	Leveler	2:371/4	4,050	9
1877	Baden-Baden, ch. c.	*Australian	A. J. Alexander	H. P. McGrath	A. Anderson	Leonard	King William	2:38	3,300	11
1876	Vagrant, br. g.	Virgil	M. H. Sanford	William Astor	James Williams	Creedmoor	Harry Hill	2:381/4	2,950	11
1875	Aristides, ch. c.	*Leamington	H. P. McGrath	Daniel Swigert	Ed Brown	Volcano	Verdigris	2:373/4	2,850	15

• Kentucky Derby
• Belmont Stakes

Year	Winner	Sire	Breeder	Owner	Trainer	Place	Show	Time	Winnings	Starters
2011	Shackleford, ch.c	Forestry	Michael Lauffer and William D. Cubbedge	Michael Lauffer and William D. Cubbedge	Dale L. Romans	Animal Kingdom	Astrology	1:56.47	$1,100,000	14
2010	Lookin At Lucky, b.c.	Smart Strike	Gulf Coast Farms	Karl Watson, Michael E. Pegram, and Paul Weitman	Bob Baffert	First Dude	Jackson Bend	1:55.47	$600,000	12
2009	Rachel Alexandra, b.f.	Medaglia d’Oro	Dolphus C. Morrison	Stonestreet Stables and Harold McCormic	Steve Asmussen	Mine That Bird	Musket Man	1:55.08	$660,000	13
2008	Big Brown b.c.	Boundary	Monticule LLC	IEAH Stables, Paul P. Pompa, Jr., et al.	Richard E. Dutrow Jr.	Macho Again	Icabad Crane	1:54.80	$600,000	12
2007	Curlin, ch. c.	Smart Strike	Fares Farm	Stonestreet Stables, Padua Stables, George Bolton, and Midnight Cry Stables	Steven M. Asmussen	Street Sense	Hard Spun	1:53.46	$600,000	9
2006	Bernardini, b. c.	A.P. Indy	Darley	Darley Stable	Thomas Albertrani	Sweetnorthernsaint	Hemingway's Key	1:54.65	$600,000	9
2005	Afleet Alex, b. c.	Northern Afleet	John Silvertand	Cash is King Stable	Tim Ritchey	Scrappy T	Giacomo	1:55.04	$650,000	14
2004	Smarty Jones, ch. c.	Elusive Quality	Someday Farm	Someday Farm	John Servis	Rock Hard Ten	Eddington	1:55.59	$650,000	10
2003	Funny Cide, ch. g.	Distorted Humor	WinStar Farm	Sackatoga Stable	Barclay Tagg	Midway Road	Scrimshaw	1:55.61	$1,000,000	10
2002	War Emblem, dk.b./br. c	Our Emblem	Charles Nuckols Jr. & Sons	The Thoroughbred Corp.	Bob Baffert	Magic Weisner	Proud Citizen	1:56.36	$1,000,000	13
2001	Point Given, ch. c	Thunder Gulch	The Thoroughbred Corp.	The Thoroughbred Corp.	Bob Baffert	A P Valentine	Congaree	1:55.51	$1,000,000	11
2000	Red Bullet	Unbridled	Frank Stronach	Stronach Stables	Joe Orseno	Fusaichi Pegasus	Impeachment	1:56.04	$650,000	8
1999	Charismatic, ch. c.	Summer Squall	Parish Hill Farm and W. S. Farish	Robert and Beverly Lewis	D. Wayne Lukas	Menifee	Badge	1:55.32	$650,000	13
1998	Real Quiet, b. c.	Quiet American	Little Hill Farm	Mike Pegram	Bob Baffert	Victory Gallop	Classic Cat	1:54.75	$650,000	10
1997	Silver Charm, gr./ro. c.	Silver Buck	Mary Lou Wootton	Robert and Beverly Lewis	Bob Baffert	Free House	Captain Bodgit	1:54.84	488,150	0
1996	Louis Quatorze, b. c.	Sovereign Dancer	Georgia E. Hoffman	Condren, Cornacchia, & Hoffman	Nick Zito	Skip Away	Editor's Note	1:1:53 2/5	458,120	12
1995	Timber Country, ch. c.	Woodman	Lowquest, Ltd.	Graham Beck, Robert and Beverly	D. Wayne Lukas	Oliver's Twist	Thunder Gulch	1:54 2/5	446,810	11
1994	Tabasco Cat, ch. c.	Storm Cat	Overbrook Farm and	Overbrook Farm and	D. Wayne Lukas	Go for Gin	Concern	1:562/5	447,720	10
1993	Prairie Bayou, ch. g.	Little Missouri	Loblolly Stable	Loblolly Stable	Tom Bohannan	Cherokee Run	El Bakan	1:563/5	471,835	13
1992	Pine Bluff, b. c.	Danzig	Loblolly Stable	Loblolly Stable	Tom Bohannan	Alydeed	Casual Lies	1:553/5	484,120	14
1991	Hansel, b. c.	Woodman	Marvin Little Jr.	Lazy Lane Farms, Inc.	Frank L. Brothers	Corporate Report	Mane Minister	1:54	432,770	8
1990	Summer Squall, b. c.	Storm Bird	W. S. Farish and W. S. Kilroy	Dogwood Stable	Neil J. Howard	Unbridled	Mister Frisky	1:533/5	445,900	9
1989	Sunday Silence, dk. b. or br. c.	Halo	Oak Cliff Thoroughbreds, Ltd.	Gaillard-Hancock III-Whittingham	Charlie Whittingham	Easy Goer	Rock Point	1:534/5	438,230	8
1988	Risen Star, dk. b. or br. c.	Secretariat	Arthur Hancock and	L. Roussell III and R. Lamarque	L. J. Roussell III	Brian1/4s Time	Winning Colors	1:561/5	413,700	9
1987	Alysheba, b. c.	Alydar	Preston Madden	D. and P. Scharbauer	Jack C. Van Berg	Bet Twice	Cryptoclearance	1:554/5	329,160	9
1986	Snow Chief, dk. b. or br. c.	Reflected Glory	Blue Diamond Ranch	Carl Grinstead and Ben Rochelle	Melvin F. Stute	Ferdinand	Broad Brush	1:544/5	411,900	7
1985	Tank1/4s Prospect, b. c.	Mr. Prospector	Edward Seltzer	Mr. and Mrs. Eugene V. Klein	D. Wayne Lukas	Chief1/4s Crown	Eternal Prince	1:532/5	423,200	11
1984	Gate Dancer, b. c.	Sovereign Dancer	William R. Davis	Kenneth Opstein	Jack Van Berg	Play On	Fight Over	1:533/5	243,600	10
1983	Deputed Testamony, b. c.	Traffic Cop	Bonita Farm	Francis P. Sears	J. William Boniface	Desert Wine	High Honors	1:552/5	251,200	12
1982	Aloma1/4s Ruler, dk. b. or br. c.	Iron Ruler	Silk Willoughby Farm	Nathan Scherr	John L. Lenzini Jr.	Linkage	Cut Away	1:552/5	209,900	7
1981	Pleasant Colony, dk. b. or br. c.	His Majesty	Thomas M. Evans	Buckland Farm	John P. Campo	Bold Ego	Paristo	1:543/5	200,800	13
1980	Codex, ch. c.	Arts and Letters	Tartan Farms Corporation	Tartan Stable	D. Wayne Lukas	Genuine Risk	Colonel Moran	1:541/5	180,600	8
1979	Spectacular Bid, gr. c.	Bold Bidder	Gilmore and Jason	Hawksworth Farm	Grover G. Delp	Golden Act	Screen King	1:541/5	165,300	5
1978	Affirmed, ch. c.	Exclusive Native	Harbor View Farm	Harbor View Farm	Lazaro S. Barrera	Alydar	Believe It	1:542/5	136,200	7
1977	Seattle Slew, dk. b. or br. c.	Bold Reasoning	Ben S. Castleman	Karen L. Taylor	William H. Turner Jr.	Iron Constitution	Run Dusty Run	1:542/5	138,600	9
1976	Elocutionist, b. c.	Gallant Romeo	Pin Oak Stud, Inc.	Eugene C. Cashman	Paul T. Adwell	Play the Red	Bold Forbes	1:55	129,700	6
1975	Master Derby, ch. c.	Dust Commander	Robert E. Lehmann	Golden Chance Farm	W. E. Adams	Foolish Pleasure	Diabolo	1:562/5	158,100	10
1974	Little Current, ch. c.	*Sea-Bird	J. W. Galbreath	Darby Dan Farm	T. L. Rondinello	Neapolitan Way	Cannonade	1:543/5	156,500	13
1973	Secretariat, ch. c.	Bold Ruler	Meadow Stud, Inc.	Meadow Stable	Lucien Laurin	Sham	Our Native	1:542/5	129,900	6
1972	Bee Bee Bee, dk. b. or br. c.	Better Bee	William S. Miller	William S. Farish III	Del W. Carroll	No Le Hace	Key to the Mint	1:553/5	135,300	7
1971	Canonero II, b. c.	Pretendre	E. B. Benjamin	Edgar Caibett	Juan Arias	Eastern Fleet	Jim French	1:54	137,400	11
1970	Personality, b. c.	Hail to Reason	Bieber-Jacobs Stable	Ethel D. Jacobs	J. W. Jacobs	My Dad George	Silent Screen	1:561/5	151,300	14
1969	Majestic Prince, ch. c.	Raise a Native	Spendthrift Farm	Frank McMahon	J. Longden	Arts and Letters	Jay Ray	1:553/5	129,500	8
1968	Forward Pass, b. c.	On-and-On	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. Forrest	Out of the Way	Nodouble	1:564/5	142,700	10
1967	Damascus, b. c.	Sword Dancer	Mrs. T. Bancroft	Edith W. Bancroft	F. Y. Whiteley Jr.	In Reality	Proud Clarion	1:551/5	141,500	10
1966	Kauai King, dk. b. or br. c.	Native Dancer	Pine Brook Farm	M. J. Ford	H. Forrest	Stupendous	Amberoid	1:552/5	129,000	9
1965	Tom Rolfe, b. c.	*Ribot	Raymond Guest	Powhatan	F. Y. Whiteley Jr.	Dapper Dan	Hail to All	1:561/5	128,100	9
1964	Northern Dancer, b. c.	Nearctic	E. P. Taylor	Windfields Farm	H. A. Luro	The Scoundrel	Hill Rise	1:564/5	124,200	6
1963	Candy Spots, ch. c.	*Nigromante	R. C. Ellsworth	R. C. Ellsworth	M. A. Tenney	Chateaugay	Never Bend	1:561/5	127,500	8
1962	Greek Money, ch. c.	Greek Song	Renappi Corporation	Brandywine Stable	V. W. Raines	Ridan	Roman Line	1:561/5	135,800	11
1961	Carry Back, br. c.	Saggy	J. A. Price	Mrs. K. Price	J. A. Price	Globemaster	Crozier	1:573/5	126,200	9
1960	Bally Ache, b. c.	*Ballydam	Giunes Brothers	Turfland	H. J. Pitt	Victoria Park	*Celtic Ash	1:573/5	121,000	6
1959	Royal Orbit, ch. c.	*Royal Charger	Louis B. Mayer	Estate of J. Braunstein	R. Cornell	Sword Dancer	Dunce	1:57	136,200	11
1958	Tim Tam, dk. b. c.	Tom Fool	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. A. Jones	Lincoln Road	Gone Fishin1/4	1:571/5	97,900	12
1957	Bold Ruler, dk. b. c.	*Nasrullah	Wheatley Stable	Wheatley Stable	J. Fitzsimmons	Iron Liege	Inside Tract	1:561/5	65,250	7
1956	Fabius, br. c.	Citation	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. A. Jones	Needles	No Regrets	1:582/5	84,250	9
1955	Nashua, b. c.	*Nasrullah	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	J. Fitzsimmons	Saratoga	Traffic Judge	1:543/5	67,550	8
1954	Hasty Road, dk. b. c.	Roman	C. Mooers	Hasty House Farm	H. Trotsek	Correlation	Hasseyampa	1:572/5	91,600	11
1953	Native Dancer, gr. c.	Polynesian	A. G. Vanderbilt	A. G. Vanderbilt	W. C. Winfrey	Jamie K.	Royal Bay Gem	1:574/5	65,200	7
1952	Blue Man, b. c.	Blue Swords	A. T. Simmons	White Oak Stable	W. C. Stephens	Jampol	One Count	1:572/5	86,135	10
1951	Bold, br. c.	By Jimminy	Brookmeade Stable	Brookmeade Stable	P. M. Burch	Counterpoint	Alerted	1:562/5	83,110	8
1950	Hill Prince, b. c.	*Princequillo	C. T. Chenery	C. T. Chenery	J. J. Hayes	Middleground	Dooley	1:591/5	56,115	6
1949	Capot, br. c.	Menow	Greentree Stud, Inc.	Greentree Stable	J. M. Gaver	Palestinian	Noble Impulse	1:56	79,985	9
1948	Citation, b. c.	Bull Lea	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. A. Jones	Vulcan1/4s Forge	Boyard	2:022/5	91,870	4
1947	Faultless, br. c.	Bull Lea	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. A. Jones	On Trust	Phalanx	1:59	98,005	11
1946	Assault, ch. c.	Bold Venture	King Ranch	King Ranch	H. Hirsch	Lord Boswell	Hampden	2:012/5	96,620	10
1945	Polynesian, br. c.	Unbreakable	Elmendorf Farm	Mrs. P. A. B. Widener	M. Dixon	Hoop, Jr.	Darby Dieppe	1:584/5	66,170	9
1944	Pensive, ch. c.	Hyperion	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	B. A. Jones	Platter	Stir Up	1:591/5	60,075	7
1943	Count Fleet, br. c.	Reigh Count	Mrs. John D. Hertz	Mrs. J. Hertz	G. D. Cameron	Blue Swords	Vincentive	1:572/5	43,190	4
1942	Alsab, b. c.	Good Goods	Thomas Piatt	Mrs. A. Sabath	A. Swenke	Requested		1:57	58,175	10
1941	Whirlaway, ch. c.	Blenheim II	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	B. A. Jones	King Cole	Our Boots	1:584/5	49,365	8
1940	Bimelech, b. c.	Black Toney	Idle Hour Stock Farm	E. R. Bradley	W. Hurley	Mioland	Gallahadion	1:583/5	53,230	9
1939	Challedon, b. c.	*Challenger II	Brancastle Farm	W. L. Brann	L. J. Schaefer	Gilded Knight	Volitant	1:594/5	53,710	6
1938	Dauber, ch. c.	Pennant	C. V. Whitney	Foxcatcher Farms	R. E. Handlen	Cravat	Menow	1:594/5	51,875	9
1937	War Admiral, br. c.	Man o1/4 War	S. D. Riddle	Glen Riddle Farm	G. Conway	Pompoon	Flying Scot	1:582/5	45,600	8
1936	Bold Venture, ch. c.	*St. Germans	M. L. Schwartz	Morton Schwartz	Max Hirsch	Granville	Jean Bart	1:59	27,325	11
1935	Omaha, ch. c.	Gallant Fox	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	J. Fitzsimmons	Firethorn	Psychic Bid	1:582/5	25,325	8
1934	High Quest, b. c.	*Sir Gallahad III	Marshall Field	Brookmeade Stable	R. A. Smith	Cavalcade	Discovery	1:581/5	25,175	7
1933	Head Play, ch. c.	My Play	R. L. Baker	Mrs. S. B. Mason	T. P. Hayes	Ladysman	Utopian	2:02	26,850	10
1932	Burgoo King, b. c.	Bubbling Over	Idle Hour Stock Farm	E. R. Bradley	H. J. Thompson	Tick On	Boatswain	1:594/5	50,375	9
1931	Mate, ch. c.	Prince Pal	A. C. Bostwick	A. C. Bostwick	J. W. Healey	Twenty Grand	Ladder	1:59	48,225	7
1930	Gallant Fox, b. c.	*Sir Gallahad III	William Woodward Sr.	Belair Stud	J. Fitzsimmons	Crack Brigade	Snowflake	2:003/5	51,925	11
1929	Dr. Freeland, ch. c.	*Light Brigade	W. J. Salmon	W. J. Salmon	T. J. Healey	Minotaur	African	2:013/5	52,325	11
1928	Victorian, b. c.	Whisk Broom II	H. P. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	J. Rowe Jr.	Toro	Solace	2:001/5	60,000	18
1927	Bostonian, blk. c.	Broomstick	H. P. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	F. Hopkins	Sir Harry	Whiskery	2:013/5	53,100	12
1926	Display, b. c.	Fair Play	W. J. Salmon	W. J. Salmon	T. J. Healey	Blondin	Mars	1:594/5	53,625	13
1925	Coventry, blk. c.	*Negofol	E. F. Simms	G. A. Cochran	W. Duke	Backbone	Almadel	1:59	52,700	12
1924	Nellie Morse, b. f.	Luke McLuke	Keene and Cleveland	H. C. Fisher	A. B. Gordon	Transmute	Mad Play	1:571/5	54,000	15
1923	Vigil, ch. c.	Jim Gaffney	A. B. Hancock	W. J. Salmon	T. J. Healey	General Thatcher	Rialto	1:533/5	52,000	13
1922	Pillory, ch. c.	Olambala	R. T. Wilson Jr.	R. T. Wilson Jr.	T. J. Healey	Hea	June Grass	1:513/5	51,000	12
1921	Broomspun, b. c.	Broomstick	H. P. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	J. Rowe Sr.	Polly Ann	Jeg	1:541/5	43,000	14
1920	Man o1/4 War, ch. c.	Fair Play	August Belmont	Glen Riddle Farm	L. Feustel	Upset	Wildair	1:513/5	23,000	9
1919	Sir Barton, ch. c.	*Star Shoot	J. E. Madden	J. K. L. Ross	H. G. Bedwell	Eternal	Sweep On	1:53	24,500	12
1918	Jack Hare, Jr., br. c.	Marathon	W. E. Walsh	W. E. Applegate	F. D. Weir	The Porter	Kate Bright	1:532/5	11,250	6
1917	Kalitan, b. c.	Rey Hindoo	Lawrence and Comstock	E. R. Bradley	W. Hurley	Al M. Dick	Kentucky Boy	1:542/5	4,800	14
1916	Damrosch, br. c.	*Rock Sand	August Belmont	J. K. L. Ross	A. G. Weston	Greenwood	Achievement	1:544/5	1,380	9
1915	Rhine Maiden, b. f.	*Watercress	J. B. Haggin	E. F. Whitney	F. Devers	Half Rock	Runes	1:58	1,275	6
1914	Holiday, b. g.	Broomstick	H. P. Whitney	Mrs. A. Barklie	J. S. Healy	Brave Cunarder	Defendum	1:534/5	1,355	6
1913	Buskin, b. g.	Hamburg	H. P. Whitney	J. Whalen	J. Whalen	Kleburne	Barnegat	1:532/5	1,670	8
1912	Colonel Holloway, br. c.	Ethelbert	Catesby Woodford	Beverwyck Stable	D. Woodford	Bwana Tumbo	Tipsand	1:563/5	1,450	7
1911	Watervale, b. c.	*Watercress	August Belmont	A. Belmont	J. Whalen	Zeus	The Nigger	1:51	2,700	7
1910	Layminster, ch. g.	Matchless	E. B. Cassatt	E. B. Cassatt	J. S. Healey	Dalhousie	Sager	1:403/5	2,800	12
1909	Effendi, br. c.	Previous	C. H. Mackey	W. T. Ryan	F. C. Frisbie	Fashion Plate	Hilltop	1:394/5	2,725	10
1908	Royal Tourist, b. c.	*Sandringham	H. P. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	A. J. Joyner	Live Wire	Robert Cooper	1:462/5	2,455	4
1907	Don Enrique, b. g.	Hastings	A. Belmont II	August Belmont II	A. J. Joyner	Ethon	Zambesi	1:452/5	2,260	7
1906	Whimsical, ch. f.	*Orlando	Raceland Stud	T. J. Gaynor	T. J. Gaynor	Content	Larabie	1:45	2,355	10
1905	Cairngorm, b. c.	*Star Ruby	J. B. Haggin	Sydney Paget	A. J. Joyner	Kiamesha	Coy Maid	1:454/5	2,200	10
1904	Bryn Mawr, br. c.	*Atheling	Goughacres Stud	Goughacres Stable	W. F. Presgrave	Wotan	Dolly Spanker	1:441/5	2,355	10
1903	Flocarline, ch. f.	St. Florian	C. F. McMeekin	M. H. Ticenor	H. C. Riddle	Mackey Dwyer	Rightful	1:444/5	1,875	6
1902	Old England, b. c.	*Goldfinch	J. B. Haggin	G. B. Morris	G. B. Morris	Maj. Daingerfield	Namtor	1:454/5	2,240	7
1901	The Parader, b. c.	Longstreet	Belle Meade Stud	R. T. Wilson Jr.	T. J. Healey	Sadie S.	Dr. Barlow	1:471/5	1,605	5
1900	Hindus, b. c.	Volante	Bashford Manor Stud	George J. Long	J. H. Morris	Sarmation	Ten Candles	1:482/5	1,900	10
1899	Half Time, ch. c.	Hanover	W. Showalter	P. J. Dwyer	F. McCabe	Filigrane	Lackland	1:47	1,580	3
1898	Sly Fox, ch. c.	Silver Fox	Bowlingbrook Stud	C. F. Dwyer	H. Campbell	The Huguenot	Nuto	1:493/4	1,500	4
1897	Paul Kauvar, b. c.	*Pirate of Penzance	McGrathiana Stud	T. P. Hayes	T. P. Hayes	Elkins	On Deck	1:511/4	1,420	7
1896	Margrave, ch. c.	*St. Blaise	August Belmont II	August Belmont II	B. McClelland	Hamilton II	*Intermission	1:51	1,350	4
1895	Belmar, gr. c.	Belvidere	Preakness Stud	Preakness Stable	E. Feakes	April Fool	Sue Kittie	1:501/2	1,350	7
1894	Assignee, ch. c.	Spendthrift	R. T. Holloway	J. R. and F. P. Keene	W. Lakeland	Potentate	Ed Kearney	1:471/4	1,830	14
1890	Montague, ch. h., 5	*Mortemer	A. J. Cassatt	Preakness Stable	E. Feakes	Philosophy	Barrister	2:363/4	1,185	4
1889	Buddhist, b. c.	Hindoo	Clay and Woodford	S. S. Brown	J. Rogers	Japhet		2:171/2	1,130	2
1888	Refund, ch. c.	Sensation	R. W. Walden	R. W. Walden	R. W. Walden	Judge Murray	Glendale	2:49	1,185	4
1887	Dunboyne, b. c.	Uncas	W. Jennings	W. Jennings	W. Jennings	Mahoney	Raymond	2:391/2	1,675	4
1886	The Bard, b. c.	Longfellow	Charles Reed	A. J. Cassatt	J. Huggins	Eurus	Elkwood	2:45	1,525	5
1885	Tecumseh, b. c.	Attila	Mrs. Harriet Brown	C. Littlefield	C. Littlefield	Wickham	John C.	2:49	2,160	4
1884	Knight of Ellerslie, ch. c.	Eolus	R. J. Hancock	T. W. Doswell	T. B. Doswell	Welcher		2:391/2	1,905	2
1883	Jacobus, b. c.	*The Ill Used	August Belmont	J. E. Kelly	R. Dwyer	Parnell		2:421/2	1,635	2
1882	Vanguard, b. c.	Virgil	M. H. Sanford	G. L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Heck	Col. Watson	2:441/2	1,250	3
1881	Saunterer, ch. c.	*Leamington	Aristides Welch	G. L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Compensation	Baltic	2:401/2	1,950	6
1880	Grenada, b. c.	King Alfonso	A. J. Alexander	G. L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Oden	Emily F.	2:401/2	2,000	5
1879	Harold, ch. c.	*Leamington	Aristides Welch	G. L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Jericho	Rochester	2:401/2	2,550	6
1878	Duke of Magenta, b. c.	Lexington	A. J. Alexander	G. L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Bayard	Albert	2:413/4	2,100	3
1877	Cloverbrook, ch. c.	Vauxhall	E. A. Clabaugh	E. A. Clabaugh	J. Walden	Bombast	Lucifer	2:451/2	1,650	4
1876	Shirley, b. g.	Lexington	A. J. Alexander	P. Lorillard	W. Brown	Rappahannock	Algerine	2:443/4	1,950	8
1875	Tom Ochiltree, b. c.	Lexington	A. J. Alexander	J. F. Chamberlin	R. W. Walden	Viator	Bay Final	2:431/2	1,950	9
1874	Culpepper, b. c.	Revolver	D. J. Crouse	H. Gaffney	H. Gaffney	*King Amadeus	Scratch	2:561/2	1,900	5
1873	Survivor, b. c.	Vandale	John M. Clay	J. F. Chamberlin	A. D. Pryor	John Boulger	Artist	2:43	1,850	7

• Kentucky Derby
• Preakness Stakes

Year	Winner	Sire	Breeder	Owner	Trainer	Place	Show	Time	Winnings	Starters
2011	Ruler On Ice, ch.g	Roman Ruler	Liberation Farm and Brandywine Farm	George and Lori Hall	Kelly J. Breen	Stay Thirsty	Brilliant Speed	2:30.88	$600,000	12
2010	Drosselmeyer, ch.c.	Distorted Humor	Aaron U. Jones & Marie D. Jones	WinStar Farm, LLC	William I. Mott	Fly Down	First Dude	2:31.57	$600,000	12
2009	Summer Bird, ch.c.	Birdstone	Dr. K.K. Jayaraman & Dr. V. Devi Jayaraman	Kalarikkal K. and Vilasini D. Jayaraman	Tim Ice	Dunkirk	Mine That Bird	2:27.54	$600,000	10
2008	Da' Tara, dk. b. or br. c	Tiznow	WinStar Farm	Robert V. LaPenta	Nick Zito	Denis of Cork	(DH) Anak Nakal/Ready's Echo	2:29.65	$600,000	9
2007	Rags to Riches, ch. f.	A.P. Indy	Skara Glen Stables	Michael B. Tabor and Derrick Smith	Todd A. Pletcher	Curlin	Tiago	2:28.74	$600,000	7
2006	Jazil, b. c.	Seeking the Gold	Skara Glen Stables	Shadwell Stable	Kiaran P. McLaughlin	Bluegrass Cat	Sunriver	2:27.86	$600,000	12
2005	Afleet Alex, b. c.	Northern Afleet	John Silvertand	Cash is King Stable	Tim Ritchey	Andromeda's Hero	Nolan's Cat	2:28.75	$600,000	11
2004	Birdstone	Grindstone	Marylou Whitney Stables	Marylou Whitney Stables	Nick Zito	Smarty Jones	Royal Assault	2:27.50	$600,000	9
2003	Empire Maker, dk.b./br. c	Unbridled	Juddmonte Farms	Juddmonte Farms	Robert J. Frankel	Ten Most Wanted	Funny Cide	2:28.26	$1,000,000	6
2002	Sarava	Wild Again	Timber Bay Farm	New Phoenix Stable and Mrs. Susan Roy	Ken McPeek	Medaglia d'Oro	Sunday Break (Jpn)	2:29.71	$600,000	11
2001	Point Given	Thunder Gulch	The Thoroughbred Corp.	The Thoroughbred Corp.	Bob Baffert	A P Valentine	Monarchos	2:26.56	$1,000,000	9
2000	Commendable	Gone West	Kelly, Kelly and Kelly	Robert and Beverly Lewis	D. Wayne Lukas	Aptitude	Unshaded	2:31.19	$600,000	11
1999	Lemon Drop Kid	Kingmambo	W. S. Farish and W. S. Kilroy	Jeanne Vance	Flint S. Schulhofer	Vision and Verse	Charismatic	2:27.88	$600,000	12
1998	Victory Gallop, b. c.	Cryptoclearance	Tall Oaks Farm	Prestonwood Farms Inc.	W. Elliott Walden	Real Quiet	Thomas Jo	2:29.16	$600,000	11
1997	Touch Gold, b. c.	Deputy Minister	Holtsinger Inc.	Frank Stronach and Stonerside Stable Inc.	David Hofmans	Silver Charm	Free House	2:28.82	$432,600	7
1996	Editor's Note, ch. c.	Forty Niner	Fawn Leap Farm	Overbrook Farm	D. Wayne Lukas	Skip Away	My Flag	2:28 4/5	437,880	14
1995	Thunder Gulch, ch. c.	Gulch	Peter M. Brant	Michael Tabor	D. Wayne Lukas	Star Standard	Citadeed	2:32	$415,440	11
1994	Tabasco Cat, ch. c.	Storm Cat	Overbrook Farm &	Overbrook Farm &	D. Wayne Lukas	Go for Gin	Strodes Creek	2:264/5	392,280	6
1993	Colonial Affair, b. c.	Pleasant Colony	Rutledge Farm	Centennial Farms	Flint S. Schulhofer	Kissin Kris	Wild Gale	2:294/5	444,540	13
1992	A.P. Indy, dk. b. or br. rig.	Seattle Slew	William S. Farish III	Tomonori Tsurumaki	Neil Drysdale	My Memoirs (GB)	Pine Bluff	2:26	458,880	11
1991	Hansel, b. c.	Woodman	Marvin Little Jr.	Lazy Lane Farms, Inc.	Frank L. Brothers	Strike the Gold	Mane Minister	2:28	417,480	11
1990	Go and Go (Ire), ch. c.	Be My Guest	Moyglare Stud	Moyglare Stud	Dermot K. Weld	Thirty Six Red	Baron de Vaux	2:271/5	411,600	9
1989	Easy Goer, ch. c.	Alydar	Ogden Phipps	Ogden Phipps	Claude McGaughey III	Sunday Silence	Le Voyageur	2:26	413,520	10
1988	Risen Star, dk. b. or br. c.	Secretariat	Arthur Hancock and	L. Roussel III and	L. J. Roussel III	Kingpost	Brian1/4s Time	2:262/5	303,720	6
1987	Bet Twice, b. c.	Sportin1/4 Life	Farish and Hudson	Cisley Stable and Levy	Warren A. Croll Jr.	Cryptoclearance	Gulch	2:281/5	421,100	9
1986	Danzig Connection, b. c.	Danzig	Henryk de Kwiatkowski	Henryk de Kwiatkowski	W. C. Stephens	Johns Treasure	Ferdinand	2:294/5	338,640	10
1985	Creme Fraiche, b. g.	Rich Cream	Mrs. Pamela Firman and	Brushwood Stable	W. C. Stephens	Stephan1/4s Odyssey	Chief1/4s Crown	2:27	307,740	11
1984	Swale, dk. b. or br. c.	Seattle Slew	Claiborne Farm	Claiborne Farm	W. C. Stephens	Pine Circle	Morning Bob	2:271/5	310,020	11
1983	Caveat, dk. b. or br. c.	Cannonade	Ryehill Farm	August Belmont IV	W. C. Stephens	Slew o1/4 Gold	Barberstown	2:274/5	215,100	15
1982	Conquistador Cielo, b. c.	Mr. Prospector	Lewis E. Iandoli	Henryk de Kwiatkowski	W. C. Stephens	Gato Del Sol	Illuminate	2:281/5	159,720	11
1981	Summing, b. c.	Verbatim	Charles T. Wilson	Charles T. Wilson	Luis Barrera	Highland Blade	Pleasant Colony	2:29	170,580	11
1980	Temperence Hill, b. c.	Stop the Music	Dr. A. F. Polk Jr.	Loblolly Stable	Joseph B. Cantey	Genuine Risk	Rockhill Native	2:294/5	176,220	10
1979	Coastal, ch. c.	Majestic Prince	Claiborne Farm	W. H. Perry	David A. Whiteley	Golden Act	Spectacular Bid	2:283/5	161,400	8
1978	Affirmed, ch. c.	Exclusive Native	Harbor View Farm	Harbor View Farm	Lazaro Barrera	Alydar	Darby Creek Road	2:264/5	110,580	5
1977	Seattle Slew, dk. b. or br. c.	Bold Reasoning	Ben S. Castleman	Karen L. Taylor	W. H. Turner Jr.	Run Dusty Run	Sanhedrin	2:293/5	109,080	8
1976	Bold Forbes, dk. b. or br. c.	Irish Castle	Eaton and Red Bull Stable	E. Rodriguez Tizol	Lazaro Barrera	McKenzie Bridge	Great Contractor	2:29	117,000	10
1975	Avatar, ch. c.	Graustark	A. A. Seeligson Jr.	A. A. Seeligson Jr.	A. T. Doyle	Foolish Pleasure	Master Derby	2:281/5	116,160	9
1974	Little Current, ch. c.	*Sea-Bird	John W. Galbreath	Darby Dan Farm	Lou Rondinello	Jolly Johu	Cannonade	2:291/5	101,970	9
1973	Secretariat, ch. c.	Bold Ruler	Meadow Stud	Meadow Stud	Lucien Laurin	Twice a Prince	My Gallant	2:24	90,120	5
1972	Riva Ridge, b. c.	First Landing	Meadow Stud	Meadow Stud	Lucien Laurin	Ruritania	Cloudy Dawn	2:28	93,540	10
1971	Pass Catcher, b. c.	All Hands	October House Farm	October House Farm	Eddie Yowell	Jim French	Bold Reason	2:302/5	97,710	13
1970	High Echelon, ro. c.	Native Charger	Bieber-Jacobs Stable	Mrs. Ethel D. Jacobs	John W. Jacobs	Needles N Pins	Naskra	2:34	115,000	10
1969	Arts and Letters, ch. c.	*Ribot	Paul Mellon	Rokeby Stable	J. Elliott Burch	Majestic Prince	Dike	2:284/5	104,050	6
1968	Stage Door Johnny, ch. c.	Prince John	Greentree Stable	Greentree Stable	J. M. Gaver	Forward Pass	Call Me Prince	2:271/5	117,700	9
1967	Damascus, b. c.	Sword Dancer	Mrs. Thomas Bancroft	Mrs. Thomas Bancroft	F. Y. Whiteley Jr.	Cool Reception	Gentleman James	2:284/5	104,950	9
1966	Amberoid, dk. b. or br. c.	Count Amber	Horace N. Davis Jr.	Reginald N. Webster	Lucien Laurin	Buffle	Advocator	2:293/5	117,700	11
1965	Hail to All, b. c.	Hail to Reason	Mrs. Ben Cohen	Mrs. Ben Cohen	Eddie Yowell	Tom Rolfe	First Family	2:282/5	104,150	8
1964	Quadrangle, b. c.	Cohoes	Paul Mellon	Rokeby Stable	J. Elliott Burch	Roman Brother	Northern Dancer	2:282/5	110,850	8
1963	Chateaugay, ch. c.	Swaps	John W. Galbreath	Darby Dan Farm	James P. Conway	Candy Spots	Choker	2:301/5	101,700	7
1962	Jaipur, dk. b. c.	*Nasrullah	George D. Widener	George D. Widener	W. F. Mulholland	Admiral1/4s Voyage	Crimson Satan	2:284/5	109,550	8
1961	Sherluck, dk. b. c.	Correspondent	Mrs. Cloyce Tippett	Jacob Sher	Harold Young	Globemaster	Guadalcanal	2:291/5	104,900	9
1960	*Celtic Ash, ch. c.	Sicambre	Lord Harrington	J. E. O1/4Connell	Tom J. Barry	Venetian Way	Disperse	2:293/5	96,785	7
1959	Sword Dancer, ch. c.	Sunglow	Brookmeade Stable	Brookmeade Stable	J. Elliott Burch	Bagdad	Royal Orbit	2:282/5	93,525	9
1958	*Cavan, ch. c.	Mossborough	F. E. Tuthill	J. E. O1/4Connell	Tom J. Barry	Tim Tam	Flamingo	2:301/5	73,440	8
1957	*Gallant Man, b. c.	Migoli	Aga and Aly Khan	Ralph Lowe	John Nerud	Inside Tract	Bold Ruler	2:263/5	77,300	6
1956	Needles, b. c.	Ponder	W. E. Leach	D. and H. Stable	Hugh Fontaine	Career Boy	Fabius	2:294/5	83,600	8
1955	Nashua, b. c.	*Nasrullah	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Blazing Count	Portersville	2:29	83,700	8
1954	High Gun, br. c.	Heliopolis	K. and P. Little and	King Ranch	Max Hirsch	Fisherman	Limelight	2:304/5	89,000	13
1953	Native Dancer, gr. c.	Polynesian	A. G. Vanderbilt	A. G. Vanderbilt	W. C. Winfrey	Jamie K.	Royal Bay Gem	2:283/5	82,500	6
1952	One Count, dk. br. c.	Count Fleet	W. M. Jeffords	Mrs. W. M. Jeffords	Oscar White	Blue Man	Armageddon	2:301/5	82,400	6
1951	Counterpoint, ch. c.	Count Fleet	C. V. Whitney	C. V. Whitney	Syl Veitch	Battlefield	Battle Morn	2:29	82,000	9
1950	Middleground, ch. c.	Bold Venture	King Ranch	King Ranch	Max Hirsch	Lights Up	Mr. Trouble	2:283/5	61,350	9
1949	Capot, br. c.	Menow	Greentree Stable	Greentree Stable	J. M. Gaver	Ponder	Palestinian	2:301/5	60,900	8
1948	Citation, b. c.	Bull Lea	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	H. A. Jones	Better Self	Escadru	2:281/5	77,700	8
1947	Phalanx, b. c.	Pilate	A. S. Hewitt	C. V. Whitney	Syl Veitch	Tide Rips	Tailspin	2:292/5	78,900	9
1946	Assault, ch. c.	Bold Venture	King Ranch	King Ranch	Max Hirsch	Natchez	Cable	2:304/5	75,400	7
1945	Pavot, br. c.	Case Ace	W. M. Jeffords	W. M. Jeffords	Oscar White	Wildlife	Jeep	2:301/5	52,675	8
1944	Bounding Home, br. c.	Espino	William Ziegler Jr.	William Ziegler Jr.	Matt Brady	Pensive	Bull Dandy	2:321/5	55,000	7
1943	Count Fleet, br. c.	Reigh Count	Mrs. J. D. Hertz	Mrs. J. D. Hertz	G. D. Cameron	Fairy Manhurst	Desoronto	2:281/5	35,340	3
1942	Shut Out, ch. c.	Equipoise	Greentree Stable	Greentree Stable	J. M. Gaver	Alsab	Lochinvar	2:291/5	44,520	7
1941	Whirlaway, ch. c.	*Blenheim II	Calumet Farm	Calumet Farm	B. A. Jones	Robert Morris	Yankee Chance	2:31	39,770	4
1940	Bimelech, b. c.	Black Toney	Idle Hour Stock Farm	E. R. Bradley	William J. Hurley	Your Chance	Andy K.	2:293/5	35,030	6
1939	Johnstown, b. c.	Jamestown	A. B. Hancock Sr.	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Belay	Gilded Knight	2:293/5	37,020	6
1938	Pasteurized, ch. c.	Milkman	Mrs. W. P. Stewart	Mrs. W. P. Stewart	G. M. Odom	Dauber	Cravat	2:292/5	34,530	6
1937	War Admiral, br. c.	Man o1/4 War	S. D. Riddle	Glen Riddle Farms	George Conway	Sceneshifter	Vamoose	2:283/5	28,020	7
1936	Granville, b. c.	Gallant Fox	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Mr. Bones	Hollyrood	2:30	29,800	10
1935	Omaha, ch. c.	Gallant Fox	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Firethorn	Rosemont	2:303/5	35,480	5
1934	Peace Chance, b. c.	Chance Shot	J. E. Widener	J. E. Widener	Peter Coyne	High Quest	Good Goods	2:291/5	43,410	8
1933	Hurryoff, b. c.	Haste	J. E. Widener	J. E. Widener	Henry McDaniel	Nimbus	Union	2:323/5	49,490	9
1932	*Faireno, b. c.	Chatterton	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Osculator	Flag Pole	2:324/5	55,120	11
1931	Twenty Grand, b. c.	*St. Germans	Greentree Stable	Greentree Stable	James Rowe Jr.	Sun Meadow	Jamestown	2:293/5	58,770	3
1930	Gallant Fox, b. c.	*Sir Gallahad III	Belair Stud	Belair Stud	James Fitzsimmons	Whichone	Questionnaire	2:313/5	66,040	4
1929	Blue Larkspur, b. c.	Black Servant	E. R. Bradley	E. R. Bradley	T. G. Hastings	African	Jack High	2:324/5	59,650	8
1928	Vito, b. c.	*Negofol	A. H. Cosden	A. H. Cosden	Max Hirsch	Genie	Diavolo	2:331/5	63,430	6
1927	Chance Shot, b. c.	Fair Play	August Belmont II	J. E. Widener	Peter Coyne	Bois de Rose	Flambino	2:322/5	60,910	6
1926	Crusader, ch. c.	Man o1/4 War	S. D. Riddle	Glen Riddle Farms	George Conway	Espino	Haste	2:321/5	48,550	9
1925	American Flag, ch. c.	Man o1/4 War	S. D. Riddle	Glen Riddle Farms	G. R. Tompkins	Dangerous	Swope	2:164/5	38,500	7
1924	Mad Play, ch. c.	Fair Play	H. F. Sinclair	H. F. Sinclair	Sam Hildreth	Mr. Mutt	Modest	2:184/5	42,880	11
1923	Zev, br. c.	The Finn	J. E. Madden	H. F. Sinclair	Sam Hildreth	Chickvale	Rialto	2:19	38,000	8
1922	Pillory, ch. c.	Olambala	R. T. Wilson Jr.	R. T. Wilson Jr.	T. J. Healey	*Snob II	Hea	2:184/5	39,200	4
1921	Grey Lag, ch. c.	*Star Shoot	J. E. Madden	H. F. Sinclair	Sam Hildreth	Sporting Blood	Leonardo II	2:164/5	8,650	4
1920	Man o1/4 War, ch. c.	Fair Play	August Belmont II	Glen Riddle Farms	Louis Feustel	Donnacona		2:141/5	7,950	2
1919	Sir Barton, ch. c.	*Star Shoot	Madden and Gooch	J. K. L. Ross	H. Guy Bedwell	Sweep On	Natural Bridge	2:172/5	11,950	3
1918	*Johren, b. c.	Spearmint	H. P. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	Albert Simons	*War Cloud	Cum Sah	2:202/5	8,950	4
1917	*Hourless, br. c.	*Negofol	August Belmont II	August Belmont II	Sam Hildreth	Skeptic	Wonderful	2:174/5	5,800	3
1916	Friar Rock, ch. c.	*Rock Sand	August Belmont II	August Belmont II	Sam Hildreth	Spur	Churchill	2:22	4,100	4
1915	The Finn, blk. c.	*Ogden	J. E. Madden	H. C. Hallenbeck	E. W. Heffner	Half Rock	Pebbles	2:182/5	1,825	3
1914	Luke McLuke, b. c.	Ultimus	J. R. Keene	J. W. Schorr	J. F. Schorr	Gainer	Charlestonian	2:20	3,025	3
1913	Prince Eugene, b. c.	Hamburg	H. P. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	James Rowe Sr.	Rock View	Flying Fairy	2:18	2,825	4
1910	Sweep, br. c.	Ben Brush	J. R. Keene	J. R. Keene	James Rowe Sr.	Duke of Ormonde		2:22	9,700	2
1909	Joe Madden, ch. c.	Yankee	J. E. Madden	Sam Hildreth	Sam Hildreth	Wise Mason	Donald MacDonald	2:213/5	24,550	5
1908	Colin, b. c.	Commando	J. R. Keene	J. R. Keene	James Rowe Sr.	Fair Play	King James		22,765	4
1907	Peter Pan, b. c.	Commando	J. R. Keene	J. R. Keene	James Rowe Sr.	Superman	Frank Gill		22,765	5
1906	Burgomaster, br. c.	Hamburg	W. C. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	J. W. Rogers	The Quail	Accountant	2:20	22,700	6
1905	Tanya, ch. f.	*Meddler	W. C. Whitney	H. P. Whitney	J. W. Rogers	Blandy	Hot Shot	2:08	17,240	7
1904	Delhi, br. c.	Ben Brush	J. R. Keene	J. R. Keene	James Rowe Sr.	Graziallo	Rapid Water	2:063/5	11,575	8
1903	Africander, b. c.	*Star Ruby	J. B. A. Haggin	Hampton Stable	R. O. Miller	Whorler	Red Knight	2:231/5	12,285	4
1902	Masterman, ch. c.	Hastings	August Belmont II	August Belmont II	J. H. Hyland	Ranald	King Hanover	2:221/2	13,220	6
1901	Commando, b. c.	Domino	J. R. Keene	J. R. Keene	James Rowe Sr.	The Parader	All Green	2:21	11,595	3
1900	Ildrim, br. c.	Kingston	A. P. Goodring	H. Eugene Leigh	H. Eugene Leigh	Petruchio	Missionary	2:211/2	14,790	7
1899	Jean Bereaud, b. c.	His Highness	Gideon and Daly	Sydney Paget	Sam Hildreth	Half Time	Glengar	2:23	9,445	4
1898	*Bowling Brook, b. c.	Ayrshire	A. H. and D. H. Morris	A. H. and D. H. Morris	R. W. Walden	Previous	Hamburg	2:32	7,810	4
1897	Scottish Chieftain, br. c.	*Inverness	Marcus Daly	Marcus Daly	Matt Byrnes	On Deck	Octagon	2:231/4	3,550	6
1896	Hastings, br. c.	Spendthrfit	Dr. J. D. Neet	August Belmont II	J. J. Hyland	Handspring	Hamilton II	2:241/2	3,025	4
1895	Belmar, gr. c.	Belvidere	James Galway	Preakness Stable	E. Feakes	Counter Tenor	Nanki Pooh	2:111/2	2,700	5
1894	Henry of Navarre, ch. c.	Knight of Ellerslie	Lucien Appleby	Byron McClelland	Byron McClelland	Prig	Assignee	1:561/2	6,680	3
1893	Comanche, ch. c.	*Sir Modred	J. B. A. Haggin	Empire Stable	Gus Hannon	Dr. Rice	Rainbow	1:531/4	5,310	5
1892	Patron, b. c.	Falsetto	A. J. Alexander	Lewis Stuart	Lewis Stuart	Shellbark		2:17	6,610	2
1891	Foxford, b. c.	Stratford	A. J. Cassatt	C. E. Rand	M. Donovan	Montana	Laurestan	2:083/4	5,070	6
1890	Burlington, blk. c.	Powhattan	A. J. Alexander	Hough Brothers	Albert Cooper	Devotee	Padishah	2:073/4	8,560	9
1889	Eric, b. c.	Duke of Magenta	Pierre Lorillard	A. J. Cassatt	John Huggins	Diablo	Zephyrus	2:47	4,960	3
1888	Sir Dixon, br. c.	*Billet	Clay and Woodford	Dwyer Brothers	Frank McCabe	Prince Royal		2:401/4	3,440	2
1887	Hanover, ch. c.	Hindoo	Clay and Woodford	Dwyer Brothers	Frank McCabe	Oneko		2:431/2	2,900	2
1886	Inspector B., b. c.	Enquirer	W. G. Harding	Dwyer Brothers	Frank McCabe	The Bard	Linden	2:41	2,720	5
1885	Tyrant, ch. c.	*Great Tom	W. G. Harding	J. B. A. Haggin	C. Claypool	St. Augustine	Tecumseh	2:43	2,710	6
1884	Panique, ch. c.	Alarm	Aristides Welch	Dwyer Brothers	James Rowe Sr.	Knight of Ellerslie	Himalaya	2:42	3,150	4
1883	George Kinney, b. c.	*Bonnie Scotland	James Franklin	Dwyer Brothers	James Rowe Sr.	Trombone	Renegade	2:421/2	3,070	4
1882	Forester, ch. c.	*The Ill-Used	August Belmont I	Appleby and Johnson	Lewis Stuart	Babcock	Wyoming	2:43	2,600	3
1881	Saunterer, ch. c.	*Leamington	Aristides Welch	George L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Eole	Baltic	2:47	3,000	6
1880	Grenada, br. c.	King Alfonso	A. J. Alexander	George L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Ferncliffe	Turenne	2:47	2,800	4
1879	Spendthrift, ch. c.	*Australian	A. J. Alexander	J. R. Keene	Thomas Puryear	Monitor	Jericho	2:423/4	4,250	6
1878	Duke of Magenta, b. c.	Lexington	A. J. Alexander	George L. Lorillard	R. W. Walden	Bramble	Spartan	2:431/2	3,850	6
1877	Cloverbrook, ch. c.	Vauxhall	E. A. Clabaugh	E. A. Clabaugh	Jeter Walden	Loiterer	Baden Baden	2:46	5,200	13
1876	Algerine, b. c.	Abd-el-Kader	T. W. Doswell	Doswell and Cammacks	T. W. Doswell	Fiddlesticks	Barricade	2:401/2	3,700	5
1875	Calvin, br. c.	Tipperary	H. Price McGrath	H. Price McGrath	Ansel Williams	Aristides	Milner	2:421/4	4,450	14
1874	*Saxon, br. c.	Beadsman	Sir Joseph Hawley	Pierre Lorillard	W. Prior	Grinstead	Aaron Pennington	2:391/2	4,200	9
1873	Springbok, ch. c.	*Australian	A. J. Alexander	David McDaniel	David McDaniel	Count D1/4Orsay	Strachino	3:013/4	5,200	10
1872	Joe Daniels, ch. c.	*Australian	A. J. Alexander	David McDaniel	David McDaniel	Meteor	Skylock	2:581/4	4,500	9
1871	Harry Bassett, ch. c.	Lexington	A. J. Alexander	David McDaniel	David McDaniel	Stockwood	By-the-Sea	2:56	5,450	8
1870	Kingfisher, b. c.	Lexington	R. A. Alexander	Daniel Swigert	Rollie Colston	Foster	Midday	2:591/2	3,750	7
1869	Fenian, ch. c.	*Mickey Free	August Belmont I	August Belmont I	Jacob Pincus	Glenelg	Invercauld	3:041/4	3,350	8
1868	General Duke, ch. c.	Lexington	R. A. Alexander	McConnell and Harness	A. Thompson	Northumberland	Fanny Ludlow	3:02	2,800	6
1867	Ruthless, b. f.	Eclipse	Francis Morris	Francis Morris	A. J. Minor	De Courcy	Rivoli	3:05	1,850	4